The Order Of Al Nahda of the Kingdom of the Hijaz

by Owain Raw-Rees, Dubai

Thanks to The Orders and Medals Research Society for their permission
to reproduce this article taken from the March 2003 journal.

The history of the Arab Revolt during the Great War is well documented but less well known are the details of the Order of the Al Nahda (Renaissance) which was bestowed by King Hussain Bin Ali of the Hijaz upon British subjects for their services during this period.
In addition to the Order of Al Nahda King Hussein also instituted the Orders of Al Istiqlal (Independence). Initially little was known about these orders. The Foreign Office in London were by the early 1920's being asked for information concerning the awards but having no information appealed to the then British Agency in Jeddah:

Foreign Office letter dated 31 December 1924.

We are receiving inquiries from various quarters as to the origin and general history of the Orders of El Nahda and Istiglal of the Hedjaz. I find that the Foreign Office have themselves no particular information on the subject: hence my appeal to you. Could you perhaps kindly let us know anything you can about these orders, their history, origin, purpose for which they were instituted, and membership? We shall then be able to satisfy the curiosity of such different personalities as the Danish Minister and a representative of Spinks."

At this time the Kingdom of Hejaz was in terminal decline and the acquisition of information was difficult. The response dated 28 February begins:

To produce a complete reply to your letter of December 31st I needed a few details from the Hejaz Government, and as they have been more deeply interested in shells (not the conchologist's kind) than in decorations the last few weeks, I have kept the Danish Minister waiting.
The Order of the Nahda was established to commemorate the revolt of the Hejaz against the Turks. The first distribution was made on October 15th, 1918, when Sharif Hussein declared himself King. It is supposed to be confined to people who actually took part in the revolt.
The colours are those of the Hejaz flag, viz. white, black, green and red. White, black and green have been the colours of the Arab movement since it began; the red was added by Hussein. The significance of the colours is this,

White: UMAIYAD Caliphs of Damascus.
Black: ABBASID Caliphs of Baghdad.
Green: FATMID Caliphs of Egypt.
Red: Dhawi Aun Sharifs of Mecca, i.e. the progenitors of Hussein

The Order of the Istiqlal (independence) was founded later. The first insignia of the Order are stated to have been made in Paris in 1919; the later ones were made in Mecca. The purpose of the order is to distinguish persons who, though they did not necessarily take part in the revolt; have striven to maintain the independence of the Hijaz.

The colours of the Istiqlal are white, black and red only.

The writer then goes on to detail the allocation of the orders as follows:


	First Class, in brilliants	King, Princes (Amirs i.e. rulers); High commanders of the rank of Field Marshal.
	First Class	Ministers of State; Ambassadors and Ministers (Plenipotentiary); High Military Officers ("Staff Officers") Civil Officials of the highest class; Distinguished Notables.
	Second Class	Military Commanding Officers; Civil Officials and Dignitaries of the Second Class.
	Third Class	Military Officers; Civil Officials of the Third Class; Respectable people; Tribal Chiefs.
	Fourth Class	Military Officers; Civil Officials of the Fourth Class; Local people of corresponding status.
	Fifth Class	Military Officers; Civil Officials of the Fifth Class; Clerks; Soldiers.

Finally the writer goes on to write:

If the kingship of the Hejaz should cease to exist, would there be a slump in these decorations, or would they, like a limited issue of postage stamps, become "rare" and expensive? It is always possible that Hussein would consider himself a sort of king "in partibus" and continue in that capacity to grant decorations.

Indeed upon the incorporation of the Hejaz into Saudi Arabia in 1925 both orders became Trans-Jordanian awards and awarded by King Hussein's son Abdullah, later King Abdullah of Jordan and they now have become Jordanian awards.

The details of the Order of Al Nahda are as follows:

Obverse: An ornate hexagonal design bearing a six pointed star with a palm frond between each arm. The bulk of the design bears a central circular plaque of two concentric circles. The outer bears uppermost the Arabic inscription, "Order of The Renaissance" and lowermost, "Of first (second, third, fourth and fifth) class, 1334" (The Hejira year 1334 corresponds to the period 9 November 1915 to 27 October 1916 inclusive). In the centre two crossed Hijazi flags with a five-pointed star in the centre and the inscription uppermost, "His Servant" and lower most, "Ali bin Al Hussein"

Reverse: Plain.

Sizes:

Class	Badge	Star
1st	64mm	94mm
2nd	57mm	76mm
3rd	57mm	-
4th	52mm	-
5th	37mm	This consists only of a central round medallion.

In all instances measurements vary to some degree.

Metal: Silver and silver-gilt. The manufacture of this award is in nine separate pieces consisting of a retaining pin with a floral head, crossed enamel flags of the Hijaz, a central boss, a surrounding circlet bearing the inscription, a circle of beading, the patterned border, a retaining backing, a suspension bar and finally a square retaining nut. The first and second class orders have within the design portions highlighted in gold.

Order of Nahda obverse

Order of Nahda reverse

Ribbon: Initially when instituted the sash was of a heavy cotton weave and the "ribbons" were made up of plaited coloured cords of black, green and white. These were later replaced with silk ribbons of the same pattern of the following pattern, green, white and black. At some later stage the following patterns of green, white and black with a thin central red stripe was adopted. The early patterns were of the following dimensions.

Sash: 156cms in length, being 78mm width of three equal stripes of black green and white. At the shoulder 16cm red silk patch is attached with gold thread thereby allowing the sash to mimic the flag of the Hijaz. The rosette from which the badge would be suspended is also of red silk, 55mm diameter. The later silk sash of the same pattern is some 166cms in length and 100mm in width. The red silk patch is of similar dimensions and the sash now has the traditional bow from which the badge would be suspended.

Cord: Approximately 80cms in length. This was affixed to the badge with a piece of red silk. The replacement of the cords by ribbon occurred either in late 1919 or early 1920 as a letter from the Arab Bureau in Cairo dated 28 May, 1920, reads as follows,

"King Hussein of the Hijaz has given the following ruling regarding the wearing of the "Nahda" Ribbon:- The Ribbon will be worn with the black portion to the right i.e. furthest away from the left shoulder."

Sheikh Abdulkhader

Suspension: A small vertical Hashemite flag surmounted by a floreate design either affixed to the rear of the badge, with a loop either behind the flag through which the cord passes.

One of the early recipients of both the second and first class of the order was Sheikh Abdulkader Ibn Ali Al Shaybi. The Al Shaybi's were the hereditary custodians of the keys to the holy Kaba'a in Mecca.

The illustration shows him wearing both classes and an early version of the ribbon pattern. The Al Shaybi family strongly supported Hussein with Shaikh Hasan Al Shaybi being elected along with Abdullah in 1909 as the two deputies representing of Mecca in the Ottoman Parliament in Istanbul.

Whilst it appears that the initial manufacture of the order may have been French in origin subsequent awards were made by local silversmiths in Mecca. More recently as a Transjordanian and Jordanian decoration manufacture has been by jewellers in Cairo and Damascus, also by Garrard & Co. of London and Fahmy Tewfiq Bichay of Cairo.

In addition to the two orders two medals were also instituted - the Independence Medal and the Ma'an Medal. The former whilst not part of the Order of Independence, commemorates the proclamation of the Hejaz as an independent Kingdom in 1916 and was I believe instituted at some tine during the early 1920's. This medal along with the Order of Independence was retained by Prince, later King, Abdullah of Jordan, and was later used as an appreciation of service to Jordanian military and police personnel. The latter instituted on 5 May 1918 commemorates the fighting which took place during the period 16 to 22 April 1918. Ma'an, now a town in the south of Jordan, is where Abdullah, moved to in September 1920 to establish a forward base for his future political realm.

The photograph on the right is of The Order of Nahda, Fourth Class constituent parts from the author's collection.

British recipients of the Order of Al Nahda were published in the London Gazette. It is interesting to note that there were no awards made to British personnel of the Order of Al Istiqlal or of either of the two medals. However it must be noted that other awards of the Order of Al Nahda were made but not published in the London Gazette. It appears that notice of awards were announced by the Arab Bureau in Cairo who acquired details as published in Al Qibla, being the Royal Hijaz Official Gazette. In most instances it seems that the Arab Bureau then forwarded the brevets and decorations to the responsible authority for onwards transmission to the recipient.

The awards were announced on nineteen occasions between 24 October 1919 and 2 September 1924.

The illustration on the right is Reverend V.D.Siddons's medal group, comprising the Order of Al Nahda, 4th Class, Member of the Order of the British Empire (2nd type, military), Distingished Flying Cross (GVR), 1914 Star and Bar, British War Medal, Victory Medal with oak leaf spray, 1939-45 Star, Africa Star and 8th(?) Army Bar, Italy Star, Defence Medal, War Medal with single oak leaf.

Those recipients noted in the London Gazette are listed below, in alphabetical order within each class:

Class	London Gazette	Recipient
With Brilliants	8 March 1920	Allenby, Viscount EHH, Field Marshall GCB, GCMG. (Commander British Forces Middle East.)
First	8 March 1920	MacMahon, Sir AH, Lt. Col. GCMG, GCVO, KCIE, CSI, Indian Army. (High Commissioner in Egypt.)
	23 April 1920	Pelly, HB, Rear Admiral CB, MVO.
	8 March 1920	Stack, Sir LF, T/Maj. Gen. KBE, CMG., Border Regiment, (Reserve of Officers).
	23 April 1920	Wemyss of Wemyss, Baron W, Admiral of the Fleet, GCB, CMG, MVO, DCL. (Earlier Vice Admiral commanding East Indies Station.)
	24 October 1919	Wilson, CE, Maj. (T/Lt.Col) CMG, DSO. Retired Pay Reserve of Officers. (Governor of Red Sea province of Sudan.)
	8 March 1920	Wingate, Sir FR, Gen. GCB, GCVO, GBE, KCMG, DSO. (Governor General of Sudan.)
Second	24 October 1919	Basset, JR, Maj. (T/Lt.Col.) DSO, OBE, Royal Berkshire Regiment.
	8 March 1920	Bols, Sir LJ, Maj. Gen. KCB, KCMG, DSO. (Chief of Staff to Allenby.)
	23 April 1920	Boyle, WHD, Capt. CB, RN.
	8 March 1920	Campbell, Sir W, Maj. Gen. KCB, KCMG,DSO. (Quartermaster General to Allenby.)
	8 March 1920	Clayton, Sir GF, T/Brig. Gen. KBE, CB, CMG, Royal Field Artillery, (Reserve of Officers). (Sudan Agent, Head of Military Intelligence and Head of Political Intelligence Egypt.)
	8 March 1920	Cornwallis, K, T/Col. CBE, DSO, Special List.
	16 January 1920	Cox, CHF, Bt. Lt. Col. DSO, Royal Field Artillery.
	8 March 1920	Dawnay, AGC, Bt. Maj. CBE, DSO, Coldstream Guards. (Head of Hejaz Operational Staff.)
	23 April 1920	Fitzmaurice, R, Capt. DSO, RN.
	9 April 1920	Godwin, CAC, T/Brig. Gen. CMG, DSO, Indian Army.
	8 March 1920	Joyce, PC, Bt. Lt. Col. CBE, DSO, Connaught Rangers. (Attached Arab Army, later commanding British Section Arab Northern Army which included Hejaz Armoured Car Battery, Company Egypt Camel Corps, Flight of four aircraft and transport and labour detachments.)
	8 March 1920	Lloyd, Sir GA, Capt. GCIE, DSO, Warwickshire Yeomanry. (Intelligence Service, Cairo.)
	16 January 1920	Newcombe, SF, Bt Lt Col., DSO, Royal Engineers. (Intelligence Service, Cairo and later commander British Military Mission to Prince Faisal.)
	30 September 1920	Pearson, HD, Lt. Col. DSO, Retired Pay, late Royal Engineers.
	1 April 1920	Salmond, Sir WGH, Air Vice Marshal, KCMG, CB, DSO, (RA). (Commander British Forces Middle East.)
	8 March 1920	Stirling, WF, T/Lt. Col. DSO, MC, Royal Dublin Fusiliers (Reserve of Officers). (General Staff Officer Arab Forces.)
	9 April 1924	Taylor, BHW, T/Col. CBE, South Staffordshire Regiment.
	16 January 1920	Vickery, CE, Bt. Lt. Col., CMG, DSO, Royal Field Artillery. (Forerunner of British Military Mission to Prince Faisal.)
	30 Sepember 1920	Wavell, AP, T/Brig. Gen. CMG, MC, Royal Highlanders.
Third	8 March 1920	Bartholomew, WF, T/Brig Gen. CB, CMG, DSO, Royal Artillery. (Staff officer General Allenby's General HQ.)
	1 April 1920	Borton, AE, Gp. Capt. CMG, DSO, AFC, Royal Highlanders.
	25 March 1924	Braham, GN, OBE, MC, FRCS (Edin), Surgeon Royal Hospital Baghdad.
	23 April 1920	Cavendish, EGC, Lt. Royal Navy.
	8 March 1920	Cunningham, AB, Alt. Col. Royal Engineers.
	16 January 1920	Davenport, WA, Maj. DSO, MC, West Yorkshire Regiment. (Attached Arab Army commanded detachment of Egyptian troops in the Hejaz.)
	8 March 1920	Davies, GF, T/Brig. Gen. CB, CMG, CBE, Royal Army Service Corps.
	25 March 1924	Dunlop, W, OBE, MB, ChB, Director of Royal Hospital Baghdad.
	16 January 1920	Garland, H, T/Capt. MC, Special List. (Explosives instructor, Egyptian Army attached Arab Army.)
	16 January 1920	Garrod, HStC, T/Capt. MC, Special List.
	6 February 1922	Gayer-Anderson, RG, Maj. Royal Army Medical Corps.
	16 January 1920	Goldie, HM, T/Capt. Special List.
	16 January 1920	Gottleib, GAB, TLt. Royal Army Service Corps.
	21 January 1921	Hindley, DCR, Capt. Indian Army Reserve of Officers.
	12 January 1921	Hobbs, HFC, Capt. West Yorkshire Regiment.
	8 March 1920	Hornby, HS, T/Capt. MC, Royal Engineers. (Attached Arab Army.)
	23 April 1920	Linberry, TH Lt. Cdr. Royal Navy.
	8 March 1920	Mainwaring, WRK, Maj. CBE, Denbighshire Yeomanry.
	16 January 1920	Marshall, WE, Bt. Maj. MC, MB, Royal Army Medical Corps.
	8 March 1920	McCheane, MWH T/Col. CMG, CBE, Royal Army Ordnance Corps.
	8 March 1920	O'Hara, ER, T/Lt. Col. CMG, DSO, Royal Army Service Corps.
	23 April 1920	Poignand, CA, Cdr, Royal Navy.
	8 June 1920	Rashleigh, VS, Cdr, CBE, Royal Navy.
	25 March 1924	Sinderson, HC, MB, ChB, Railway Medical Officer Baghdad.
	22 March 1920	Snagge, AL, Capt. Royal Navy.
	8 March 1920	Symes, GS, T/Lt. Col. CMG, DSO, Hampshire Regiment.
	7 May 1920	Turnbull, GO, T/Lt. Col. DSO, 26^th Punjabis.
	27 December 1920	Warren, AG, Cdr. Royal Navy.
	30 September 1920	Whitley, NHP, Capt. MC, 7th Battalion, Manchester Regiment.
	1 April 1920	Williams, R, Wing Cdr, DSO, OBE, Australian Field Corps.
	30 September 1920	Winterton, EA, Maj. TD, Sussex Yeomanry (TF Reserve).
	8 March 1920	Young, HW, Capt. DSO, 116^th Mahrattas Indian Army. (Attached Arab Army.)
Fourth	30 September 1920	Baker, DGRS, Maj. Indian Medical Service.
	8 March 1920	Brackenbury, GH, Local Capt. Employed, Egyptian Expeditionary Force.
	8 March 1920	Brodie, SH, T/Lt. MC, Royal Artillery.
	8 March 1920	Clayton, IN, Capt. Royal Garrison Artillery.
	15 August 1922	Cookson, C, MBE, Assistant Telegraph Engineer Egyptian State Telephones.
	30 September 1920	Dixon, W, Capt. Bedfordshire & Hartfordshire Regiment.
	8 March 1920	Dowsett, SG, A/Capt. Machine Gun Corps.
	30 September 1920	Fox, HG, T/Lt. Royal Army Service Corps.
	25 January 1921	Furness-Williams, FH, Capt. (No unit given.)
	8 March 1920	Gilman, LH, T/Lt. MC, Machine Gun Corps.
	8 March 1920	Goslett, RG, T/Capt. MC, Royal Army Service Corps. (Supply Officer.)
	30 September 1920	Gray, WL, T/Lt. General List.
	30 September 1920	Greenhill ES, T Lt, Machine Gun Corps (MGC)
	8 March 1920	Grey, GOR, T/Capt. MC, Royal Army Service Corps.
	30 September 1920	Grisenthwaite, AG, T/Lt. Machine Gun Corps.
	9 May 1922	Hakim, Said H, Sub Inspector, Police Officer attached British Agency Jeddah.
	1 April 1920	Hawley, FC, DFC, Australian Flying Corps.
	1 April 1920	Henderson, T, Flt. Lt. MC, Royal Engineers. 2ic Arabian Detachment of 14 Squadron. Royal Flying Corps.
	8 March 1920	Higgins, ES, A/Capt. Royal Warwickshire Regiment.
	30 September 1920	Hinde, AR, T/Capt. Royal Army Service Corps.
	8 March 1920	Holland, KG, T/Capt. OBE, Royal Army Service Corps.
	30 September 1920	Hopgood, N, Lt. 7th Battalion Manchester Regiment (TF).
	8 March 1920	Kirkbride, AS, T/Lt. MC, Labour Corps.
	30 September 1920	Leith, MP, Lt. 4th Battalion Essex Regiment.
	8 March 1920	Littleton, The Hon. CCJ, DSO, 7^th Middlesex Regiment (TF).
	8 March 1920	Mackintosh, CAG, T/Maj. Special List.
	1 April 1920	Makins, AD, A/Flt. Lt. DFC (No unit given).
	8 March 1920	Maynard, PG, T/Maj. DSO Royal Irish Rifles.
	30 September 1920	McKibbin F, Capt, Royal Army Medical Corps (RAMC)
	25 March 1924	Mills, EA, MB Chb (Edin), Chief Pathologist Baghdad.
	1 April 1920	Murphy, AW, Lt. DFC Australian Flying Corps.
	1 April 1920	Nunan, SC, Lt. Australian Flying Corps.
	25 January 1921	Oldfield, KG, Lt. DFC (No unit given).
	8 March 1920	Pascoe, GC, T/Lt. Royal Field Artillery.
	8 March 1920	Peake, FG, Capt. West Riding Regiment. (Commander Egyptian Camelry.)
	27 December 1920	Perkins, GTW, Lt.Cdr. Royal Navy.
	1 April 1920	Peters, GC, Lt. DFC Australian Flying Corps.
	8 March 1920	Powell, A, Local Lt. Employed Egyptian Expeditionary Force.
	8 March 1920	Pratt-Barlow, EA, Bt. Maj. King's Royal Rifle Corps, (Reserve of Officers).
	8 March 1920	Ramsey, GCR, T/Capt. MB, Royal Army Medical Corps.
	8 March 1920	Ryder, AH, T/Capt. General List.
	27 December 1912	Salt, Sir JWT Bt. Royal Navy.
	8 March 1920	Scott, RH, T/Maj. DSO OBE General List.
	8 March 1920	Shah, Hasan, Ressaidar, MC 9^th Hodson's Horse.
	1 April 1920	Siddons, VD, Lt. DFC Northamptonshire Regiment, Flying Officer. Arabian Detachment of 14 Squadron, Royal Flying Corps.
	1 April 1920	Smith, Sir RM, Capt. KBE MC DFC AFC Australian Flying Corps.
	30 September 1920	Spence, HGC, T/Lt. Royal Army Service Corps.
	2 September 1924	Stafford, WG, Lt. (now Flying Officer) MC, DCM Officer. Arabian Detachment of 14 Squadron, Royal Flying Corps
	25 January 1921	Stent, FW, Sqn. Ldr. MC, Flight Commander .Arabian Detachment of 14 Squadron, Royal Flying Corps.
	2 September 1924	Thomson DN, Lt, Queens Own Glasgow Yeomanry and Royal Flying Corps (QOGY & RFC)
	30 September 1920	Tookey, HC, T/Lt. Labour Corps.
	30 September 1920	Wade, EH, T/Lt. MC Machine Gun Corps.
	30 September 1920	Walker, TW, Lt. Royal Army Service Corps.
	27 December 1920	Ward, EH, Lt. Cdr. Royal Navy.
	30 September 1920	Whitley, NHP, Capt. MC 7^th Battalion Manchester Regiment.
	8 March 1920	Wordie, W, Maj. OBE Royal Army Service Corps.

Brevets accompanied each award and that belonging to Lieutenant V. Siddons is translated as follows:

The Hashimi Diwan.

The Slave of God.
Hussein Bin Ali.

The truthfulness and sincerity of Lieutenant V. Siddons to our Hashimite Throne, and his valuable services and righteous endeavours in the Great War having been proved, we have issued our Royal Decree to confer upon him the High Order of the Renaissance as a reward for his deeds and as an appreciation of his sincerity.

May God grant a good reward to benefactors. Issued this ninth day of Moharram 1338.( 7th October 1919).

Three awards not listed in the London Gazette but noted in correspondence from the Arab Bureau in Cairo to Headquarters R.A.F. Middle East are as follows:

Second Class	Al Qibla, No.382, 10 May 1920	Air Commodore RM Groves, CB, DSO, AFC.
Fourth Class	Al Qibla No. 385, 20 May 1920	Flight Lieut. H. Hindle James.
	1st Shaban 1338	Captain FRLMS McKibban, Royal Army Medical Corps

Captain McKibban's award was forwarded along with a brevet which is translated below,

The Hashimi Diwan

The Slave of God
Hussein Bin Ali

As Captain FRLMS McKibban is one of those who showed faith and loyalty to our throne and from his distinguished service, we have issued our Royal Order to grant him the Fourth Class Order of the Renaissance as a reward for his service and appreciation of his loyalty.

May God grant reward to benefactors. Issued this First day of 1st Shaban 1338.

The text is somewhat different from that in Lieutenant Siddons's Brevet implying the such brevets were individually written out as circumstances dictated.
There will be no doubt other such un-gazetted awards with the obvious omission from the above list being Lawrence. It is thought that he was awarded the Second Class of Order of Renaissance, in recognition of his services to the Hijaz Government. His name is believed to have been listed in Al Qibla No. 320 of 9 Muharram 1339, corresponding with 7 October 1919. However as it is known that Lawrence had no time for awards and decorations it is quite possible that he refused the order.

Awards of the Order of Al Nahda continued. In 1923 Lord Headly, a British peer who had converted to Islam, visited the Hijaz to perform Haj, or pilgrimage to Mecca, being one of the five pillars of Islam, and was invested by King Hussein with the First Class of the Order.

Also during 1923 some of Russian pilots had been engaged to pilot the Hejaz Air Force and, "taught an Arab to fly a little". The success was recorded in the Mecca press as though the feat were equal to our cross-Atlantic flight, and the Arab received a decoration. Unfortunately one of them hardly had time to pin on the decoration awarded him by the King when he smashed to fragments the only plane they are allowed to touch.

As with many monarchs King Hussein was not averse to presenting awards to further his own status and in May of 1924 after declaring himself Caliph earlier in the year, "gave a high decoration to an important Javanese official." This did not achieve its aim as the ensuing letter of thanks, "said quite clearly that if King Hussain thought the gift of a decoration could buy the recipient's recognition of him as Caliph, he was jolly well mistaken."

The photograph on the right is of the Order of Al Nahda, First Type Sash in silk. The one shown is damaged and is from the author's collection.

The British Government in turn rewarded member of King Hussain's forces. These are detailed in War Office List No. 53 of 19 December 1919 and such awards are introduced as follows:

The following are among the decorations and medals awarded by command of His Majesty the KING at various dates to subjects of Allied Powers, for distinguished services rendered during the course of the campaign.

Decorations Awarded To The Arab Army

To be Honorary Companions of the Distinguished Service Order (D.S.O.)

Major Jaudet Ali, Camel Corps, Sherifian Army.
Major Risar Bey Askari, Sherifian Army.
Lieutenant-Colonel Abdul Hamid Ibrahim, 4th Regiment Sherifian Army.
Nuri Bey, Sherifian Army.
Lieutenant-Colonel Malud Bey, Sherifian Army.
Major Rasim Bey, Sherifian Army.

To be awarded The Military Cross (M.C.)

Major Abdulla Bey, Sherifian M.G.C.
Captain El Said Subhi El Amari, Sherifian Army.
Captain Faud, Sherifian Army Medical Corps.
Lieutenant Yusal Handul, Sherifian Army.
Major Jemil Bey, Sherifian Artillery.
2nd Lieutenant Saadulla Mohammed, Sherifian Army.
Lieutenant Muhammed Effendi Khalil el Zahawi, Sherifian Army.
Captain Mahmud Bey, Sherifian Army Medical Corps.
Lieutenant Ahmed Naji, Sherifian Army.
Lieutenant Hassan Nasra, Sherifian Army.
Captain Mahdi Rahal, Sherifian Army.
Captain Tahsin Bey, Sherifian Army.

In addition to the above awards whilst researching this article at the Public Record Office in Kew I discovered that the award of the British War and Victory Medals were made to two members of the "Hedjaz Army." I have yet to ascertain why only these two individuals were awarded medals as opposed to any others however their details from the Medal Rolls and their individual records are as follows,

Name:	Tahsin Ali, M.C. (Also awarded the Ma'an Medal).
Corps:	Hedjaz Army.
Rank:	Rais Awal (Senior Captain), 1st N. Inf. Bn. Qaid (Colonel), Camel Battalion.

Theatre of Service Palestine

Name:	Abdul Razzak. ( Also awarded the Ma'an Medal).
Corps:	Hedjaz Army.
Rank:	Commandant, Telegraph and Telephone Company.

Theatre of Service Semnat between Aquaba and Mahmal.

The Kingdom of the Hijaz was short lived with King Hussain abdicating in October 1924 in favour of his son Ali. Hussain was exiled to Cyprus, eventually dying in Amman in 1930. Ali himself departed the Hijaz in December 1925. His departure signalled the formal end of the Kingdom of Hijaz. In January 1926 was Abdul Aziz was declared King of Hejaz and the Sultan of Nejd and its Dependencies - in January 1927 this became King of Hejaz, Nejd and its Dependencies. Britain, the once trusted ally of Hussein, in June of 1926 concluded an agreement formally recognising Abdul Aziz's achievements. On 22 December 1932 the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia was proclaimed reflecting a unity which Hussein even with the support of external forces was never able to achieve.

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